Overview

FAOSTAT is the UN Food and Agriculture Organization's authoritative global statistics service — crop and livestock production, agricultural trade, food balances, food security and nutrition, land use, fertilizer use, and agrifood-systems emissions for 245+ countries and territories from 1961 to the present. Each domain is a data cube of area (country/region) × item (commodity) × element (metric) × year, with a data-quality flag on every observation.

This server does not call the FAOSTAT REST query API — that endpoint is auth-gated (HTTP 401 keyless). Instead it syncs FAOSTAT's keyless bulk-download service (per-domain ZIPs of normalized CSVs plus their dimension code lists) into a persistent local SQLite mirror (embedded, with FTS5 over the dimension labels) and serves every query from that mirror — fast, offline-capable, and free of per-request rate limits. Analytical query results spill to a DataCanvas (DuckDB-backed) so an agent can run SQL GROUP BY, rankings, joins, and time-series analysis over the full result set.

[!IMPORTANT] First run requires a mirror build. The corpus is not bundled. Run bun run mirror:init once to download and index the selected FAOSTAT domains before querying. The read tools return index_not_ready until the first sync completes. See Building the mirror.

Tools

Six tools organized around the mirror's discover → resolve → query flow, with a DataCanvas pair for SQL over large result sets:

faostat_list_domains

Discover the catalog and what's queryable right now.

• Full FAOSTAT catalog read live from the bulk manifest, annotated with local mirror status
• Per-domain indexed / index_ready flags, local row count, and last completed sync
• topic substring filter over code, name, and topic (e.g. "trade", "emissions", "QCL")
• indexed_only to list just the domains queryable from the local mirror
• code for an exact domain lookup (e.g. "RL") — one full record, without a topic search that can match unrelated domains
• offset + limit to page the catalog; the response reports totalMatches, truncated, and the nextOffset to resume at. Domain descriptions are long, so a browse call is bounded by default — raise limit (max 200) to pull the whole catalog in one response

faostat_resolve_codes

Turn names into the integer codes the cube requires — FAOSTAT is unqueryable without code resolution.

• FTS5 full-text matching (query, e.g. "maize" → item 56), substring filter (name_contains), or exact-code lookup (code)
• Resolves within a dimension: area (countries/regions), item (commodities), or element (metrics like production, yield, import quantity)
• Every area match is flagged country or aggregate (World, continents, economic groupings; codes ≥ 5000) so an agent can avoid summing a region with its member countries
• Surfaces the CPC crosswalk code for items where available
• Omit all of query / name_contains / code to list the whole dimension

faostat_query_observations

The core data tool — query a domain's cube and get observations with their data-quality flag.

• Filter by area_codes, item_codes, element_codes (resolve them first), and a year_start / year_end range
• Aggregate regions are excluded by default (include_aggregates: false) so a naive SUM does not double-count a region with its members — set include_aggregates: true for World/continent roll-ups, or pass explicit area_codes to query exactly what you name
• Small result sets return inline; large ones spill to a DataCanvas table (returned canvas_id + table_name) for SQL aggregation
• limit caps the inline page (default 200, max 1000); a match that outgrows the page is staged to the canvas table in full, and when no table is staged the response reports how many matched — so a low limit trims the response without putting rows out of reach
• Every row carries its flag (A=Official, E=Estimated, I=Imputed, B=break, X=external) — honor it; never treat estimated/imputed values as official

faostat_commodity_profile

A workflow tool that assembles a global profile for one commodity in a single call.

• Accepts a commodity name, resolves it to at most five item codes, then queries the production (QCL) and trade (TCL) domains and merges the results — the response discloses how many items the name matched in total, so a broad term like "milk" never silently narrows
• Ranks top producers, top exporters, and top importers by a per-country sum across the resolved items, each country taken at its own latest year with data and grouped by unit so incomparable quantities are never added — countries only, aggregates excluded
• Returns the annual production trend inline as year/value points. Rankings and trend are aggregated in SQL over the complete filtered match, so neither is bounded by the canvas staging cap
• Returns a partial profile with a notice naming the gap when a required domain (e.g. trade) is not indexed, rather than failing
• Rejects a reversed year_start / year_end range with invalid_year_range instead of returning an empty profile
• The full merged production + trade observation set spills to a DataCanvas table for deeper SQL

faostat_dataframe_query / faostat_dataframe_describe

SQL analytics over the canvas tables (faostat_xxxxxxxx) that faostat_query_observations and faostat_commodity_profile stage. Call faostat_dataframe_describe first to discover table and column names, then faostat_dataframe_query for cross-country and cross-item aggregation, GROUP BY rankings, joins, window functions, and CTEs — standard DuckDB SQL.

• Read-only. Writes, DDL, DROP, COPY, PRAGMA, ATTACH, and external-file table functions are rejected by the framework SQL gate. System catalogs (information_schema, sqlite_master, duckdb_*) are denied so a caller can't enumerate staged tables it doesn't hold a handle for — list them via faostat_dataframe_describe.
• Staged-table columns: area_code, area, item_code, item, element_code, element, year, unit, value, flag. Keep flag in projections and honor it in interpretation.
• canvas_id is optional on both tools — omit it to operate on the tables staged in the current session (the common case).

All tool output is also rendered as human-readable markdown (content[]) alongside the structured payload, so tool-only MCP clients reach the same data.

Features

Built on @cyanheads/mcp-ts-core:

• Declarative tool definitions — single file per tool, framework handles registration and validation
• Unified error handling — handlers throw, the framework catches, classifies, and formats; typed error contracts give agents actionable recovery hints
• Pluggable auth: none, jwt, oauth
• Structured logging with optional OpenTelemetry tracing
• STDIO and Streamable HTTP transports

FAOSTAT-specific:

• Persistent local SQLite mirror of the FAOSTAT bulk corpus via the framework MirrorService — one indexed table per selected domain plus shared dimension tables, with FTS5 over the dimension labels driving code resolution
• Streaming bulk-ZIP ingester — fetches the manifest, compares each domain's update date against the stored checkpoint to skip unchanged domains, and stream-parses the normalized CSV (∼18× decompression ratio) into SQLite without materializing the full file in memory
• Config-driven domain selection (FAOSTAT_DOMAINS) — the indexed set can grow without code changes; faostat_list_domains covers the full catalog — paged, and annotated with which domains are locally queryable
• DataCanvas SQL surface (DuckDB) — analytical cube queries spill to a staged table for ad-hoc GROUP BY / ranking / time-series analysis

Agent-friendly output:

• Country-vs-aggregate classification on every area, plus aggregate exclusion by default — guards against the double-counting hazard of summing World/continent rows with their member countries
• Data-quality flags carried through on every observation (A/E/I/B/X) — never dropped, so downstream rigor can honor official-vs-estimated distinctions
• Graceful partial results — faostat_commodity_profile returns a production-only profile with a notice when trade is not indexed, rather than failing the request
• Typed error contracts — index_not_ready, domain_not_indexed, empty_result, canvas_disabled, and no_match each carry a concrete recovery hint (run the init script, pick an indexed domain, widen the query, enable the canvas)

Getting started

Public Hosted Instance

A public instance is available at https://faostat.caseyjhand.com/mcp — no installation required. Point any MCP client at it via Streamable HTTP:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "faostat-mcp-server": {
      "type": "streamable-http",
      "url": "https://faostat.caseyjhand.com/mcp"
    }
  }
}

Self-Hosted / Local

Add the following to your MCP client configuration file. The server runs entirely on a local mirror, so build the mirror once before querying.

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "faostat-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "bunx",
      "args": ["@cyanheads/faostat-mcp-server@latest"],
      "env": {
        "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE": "stdio",
        "MCP_LOG_LEVEL": "info"
      }
    }
  }
}

Or with npx (no Bun required):

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "faostat-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "npx",
      "args": ["-y", "@cyanheads/faostat-mcp-server@latest"],
      "env": {
        "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE": "stdio",
        "MCP_LOG_LEVEL": "info"
      }
    }
  }
}

Or with Docker:

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "faostat-mcp-server": {
      "type": "stdio",
      "command": "docker",
      "args": [
        "run", "-i", "--rm",
        "-e", "MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE=stdio",
        "-v", "faostat-mirror:/usr/src/app/.faostat-mirror",
        "ghcr.io/cyanheads/faostat-mcp-server:latest"
      ]
    }
  }
}

For Streamable HTTP, set the transport and start the server:

MCP_TRANSPORT_TYPE=http MCP_HTTP_PORT=3010 bun run start:http
# Server listens at http://localhost:3010/mcp

No API key is required — the FAOSTAT bulk-download service is public and keyless.

Prerequisites

• Bun v1.3.0 or higher (or Node.js v24+).
• Disk for the local mirror. The default domain set (QCL,TCL,FBS,FS,RL,GLE,RFN,QV, ∼37M rows) needs a few GB; TCL (∼17M rows) dominates and can be dropped from FAOSTAT_DOMAINS on a constrained host.

Installation

1. Clone the repository:

git clone https://github.com/cyanheads/faostat-mcp-server.git

2. Navigate into the directory:

cd faostat-mcp-server

3. Install dependencies:

bun install

4. Configure environment:

cp .env.example .env
# edit .env to override the default domain set, mirror path, or refresh cron

Building the mirror

The corpus is not bundled. Before the data tools can answer queries, sync the selected domains into the local mirror:

bun run mirror:init      # one-time bootstrap — downloads and indexes the FAOSTAT_DOMAINS set
bun run mirror:refresh   # re-sync domains whose upstream update date has advanced
bun run mirror:verify    # report sync status, local row counts, and sample reads

mirror:init is idempotent and resumable per domain — re-running after an interrupt re-streams only the unfinished domain ZIP. FAOSTAT_DOMAINS selects which domains are indexed; everything else in the catalog shows in faostat_list_domains with indexed: false until added and re-synced. On HTTP transport, set FAOSTAT_REFRESH_CRON to refresh in-process on a schedule; on stdio, run mirror:refresh out-of-band.

Configuration

See .env.example for the full list of optional overrides.

Running the server

Local development

• Build and run:

  # One-time build
  bun run rebuild
  
  # Run the built server
  bun run start:stdio
  # or
  bun run start:http
  

• Run checks and tests:

  bun run devcheck   # Lint, format, typecheck, security
  bun run test       # Vitest test suite
  bun run lint:mcp   # Validate MCP definitions against spec
  

Docker

docker build -t faostat-mcp-server .
docker run --rm -p 3010:3010 -v faostat-mirror:/usr/src/app/.faostat-mirror faostat-mcp-server

The Dockerfile defaults to HTTP transport, stateless session mode, and logs to /var/log/faostat-mcp-server. The build stage compiles the native dependencies (@duckdb/node-api, better-sqlite3) and the production stage reuses the prebuilt node_modules, so the slim runtime image carries no build toolchain. OpenTelemetry peer dependencies are installed by default — build with --build-arg OTEL_ENABLED=false to omit them. Mount a volume at the mirror path to persist the corpus across container recreations, and bootstrap it inside the container:

docker exec <container> bun run mirror:init      # one-time bootstrap
docker exec <container> bun run mirror:verify    # sync status + sample reads
docker exec <container> bun run mirror:refresh   # re-sync when FAO has updated a domain

Project structure

Development guide

See CLAUDE.md/AGENTS.md for development guidelines and architectural rules. The short version:

• Handlers throw, framework catches — no try/catch in tool logic
• Use ctx.log for request-scoped logging, ctx.state for tenant-scoped storage
• Register new tools in the createApp() array in src/index.ts
• Wrap external data: validate raw → normalize to domain type → return output schema; never fabricate missing fields, and carry the data-quality flag through

Data attribution

Data is sourced from FAOSTAT, the statistics division of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAOSTAT data is published under CC BY-4.0; cite FAO as the source in downstream use. This project is not affiliated with or endorsed by the FAO.

Contributing

Issues and pull requests are welcome. Run checks and tests before submitting:

bun run devcheck
bun run test

License

Apache-2.0 — see LICENSE for details.