
This is a practical guide for building Telegram bots with real production considerations. It covers the essentials like choosing between Telegraf and grammY, structuring bot projects properly, and designing inline keyboards that don't feel clunky. What's refreshing is the honest monetization section with actual freemium strategies and Telegram Payments code, plus deployment patterns for Vercel and Railway. The validation checks catch common mistakes like hardcoded tokens and missing error handlers. It's opinionated about bot UX, which is good because most Telegram bots feel like navigating a phone tree from 2003.
$ npx -y skills add sickn33/antigravity-awesome-skills --skill telegram-bot-builder --agent claude-codeInstalls into .claude/skills of the current project.
Expert in building Telegram bots that solve real problems - from simple automation to complex AI-powered bots. Covers bot architecture, the Telegram Bot API, user experience, monetization strategies, and scaling bots to thousands of users.
Role: Telegram Bot Architect
You build bots that people actually use daily. You understand that bots should feel like helpful assistants, not clunky interfaces. You know the Telegram ecosystem deeply - what's possible, what's popular, and what makes money. You design conversations that feel natural.
Structure for maintainable Telegram bots
When to use: When starting a new bot project
| Language | Library | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Node.js | telegraf | Most projects |
| Node.js | grammY | TypeScript, modern |
| Python | python-telegram-bot | Quick prototypes |
| Python | aiogram | Async, scalable |
import { Telegraf } from 'telegraf';
const bot = new Telegraf(process.env.BOT_TOKEN);
// Command handlers
bot.start((ctx) => ctx.reply('Welcome!'));
bot.help((ctx) => ctx.reply('How can I help?'));
// Text handler
bot.on('text', (ctx) => {
ctx.reply(`You said: ${ctx.message.text}`);
});
// Launch
bot.launch();
// Graceful shutdown
process.once('SIGINT', () => bot.stop('SIGINT'));
process.once('SIGTERM', () => bot.stop('SIGTERM'));
telegram-bot/
├── src/
│ ├── bot.js # Bot initialization
│ ├── commands/ # Command handlers
│ │ ├── start.js
│ │ ├── help.js
│ │ └── settings.js
│ ├── handlers/ # Message handlers
│ ├── keyboards/ # Inline keyboards
│ ├── middleware/ # Auth, logging
│ └── services/ # Business logic
├── .env
└── package.json
Interactive button interfaces
When to use: When building interactive bot flows
import { Markup } from 'telegraf';
bot.command('menu', (ctx) => {
ctx.reply('Choose an option:', Markup.inlineKeyboard([
[Markup.button.callback('Option 1', 'opt_1')],
[Markup.button.callback('Option 2', 'opt_2')],
[
Markup.button.callback('Yes', 'yes'),
Markup.button.callback('No', 'no'),
],
]));
});
// Handle button clicks
bot.action('opt_1', (ctx) => {
ctx.answerCbQuery('You chose Option 1');
ctx.editMessageText('You selected Option 1');
});
| Pattern | Use Case |
|---|---|
| Single column | Simple menus |
| Multi column | Yes/No, pagination |
| Grid | Category selection |
| URL buttons | Links, payments |
function getPaginatedKeyboard(items, page, perPage = 5) {
const start = page * perPage;
const pageItems = items.slice(start, start + perPage);
const buttons = pageItems.map(item =>
[Markup.button.callback(item.name, `item_${item.id}`)]
);
const nav = [];
if (page > 0) nav.push(Markup.button.callback('◀️', `page_${page-1}`));
if (start + perPage < items.length) nav.push(Markup.button.callback('▶️', `page_${page+1}`));
return Markup.inlineKeyboard([...buttons, nav]);
}
Making money from Telegram bots
When to use: When planning bot revenue
| Model | Example | Complexity |
|---|---|---|
| Freemium | Free basic, paid premium | Medium |
| Subscription | Monthly access | Medium |
| Per-use | Pay per action | Low |
| Ads | Sponsored messages | Low |
| Affiliate | Product recommendations | Low |
Premium bot access is a digital service: Telegram requires Stars/XTR for digital goods/services sold inside Telegram. Handle pre_checkout_query within the documented deadline, validate the server-owned order/payload, currency and amount, and grant entitlement idempotently only after successful_payment, persisting its charge ID. A fixed payload and activatePremium placeholder alone are not a payment system.
// Create invoice
bot.command('buy', (ctx) => {
ctx.replyWithInvoice({
title: 'Premium Access',
description: 'Unlock all features',
payload: 'premium_monthly',
provider_token: "",
currency: 'XTR',
prices: [{ label: 'Premium', amount: 100 }], // Illustrative Stars amount, not USD
});
});
// Handle successful payment
bot.on('successful_payment', async (ctx) => {
const payment = ctx.message.successful_payment;
// Activate premium for user
await activatePremium(ctx.from.id);
ctx.reply('🎉 Premium activated!');
});
Free tier:
- 10 uses per day
- Basic features
- Ads shown
Premium ($5/month):
- Unlimited uses
- Advanced features
- No ads
- Priority support
async function checkUsage(userId) {
const usage = await getUsage(userId);
const isPremium = await checkPremium(userId);
if (!isPremium && usage >= 10) {
return { allowed: false, message: 'Daily limit reached. Upgrade?' };
}
return { allowed: true };
}
Production bot deployment
When to use: When deploying bot to production
| Method | Best For |
|---|---|
| Polling | Development, simple bots |
| Webhooks | Production, scalable |
Verify the configured webhook secret header before accepting updates, deduplicate update/payment IDs, validate callback data against the authenticated Telegram user, and protect the bot token. Sending broadcasts or configuring a production webhook requires applicable user authorization. Polling and webhooks are alternative delivery modes; do not run both for one bot. The snippets omit production error/rate-limit handling and are not deployment certification.
import express from 'express';
import { Telegraf } from 'telegraf';
const bot = new Telegraf(process.env.BOT_TOKEN);
const app = express();
app.use(express.json());
app.use(bot.webhookCallback('/webhook'));
// Set webhook
const WEBHOOK_URL = 'https://your-domain.com/webhook';
bot.telegram.setWebhook(WEBHOOK_URL);
app.listen(3000);
// api/webhook.js
import { Telegraf } from 'telegraf';
const bot = new Telegraf(process.env.BOT_TOKEN);
// ... bot setup
export default async (req, res) => {
await bot.handleUpdate(req.body);
res.status(200).send('OK');
};
FROM node:18-alpine
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm install
COPY . .
CMD ["node", "src/bot.js"]
Severity: HIGH
Message: Bot token appears to be hardcoded - security risk!
Fix action: Move token to environment variable BOT_TOKEN
Severity: HIGH
Message: No global error handler for bot.
Fix action: Add bot.catch() to handle errors gracefully
Severity: MEDIUM
Message: No rate limiting - may hit Telegram limits.
Fix action: Add throttling with Bottleneck or similar library
Severity: MEDIUM
Message: Using in-memory sessions - will lose state on restart.
Fix action: Use Redis or database-backed session store for production
Severity: LOW
Message: Consider adding typing indicator for better UX.
Fix action: Add ctx.sendChatAction('typing') before slow operations
Skills: telegram-bot-builder, ai-wrapper-product, backend
Workflow:
1. Design bot conversation flow
2. Set up AI integration (OpenAI/Claude)
3. Build backend for state/data
4. Implement bot commands and handlers
5. Add monetization (freemium)
6. Deploy and monitor
Skills: telegram-bot-builder, telegram-mini-app, frontend
Workflow:
1. Design bot as entry point
2. Build Mini App for complex UI
3. Integrate bot commands with Mini App
4. Handle payments in Mini App
5. Deploy both components
Works well with: telegram-mini-app, backend, ai-wrapper-product, workflow-automation
Sponsors